Bilateral Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Revealing Malignant Hypertension and Terminal Renal Failure: A Case Report
Zineb ALGOUTI *
Ophthalmology Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Houda BEZZA
Ophthalmology Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Oumayma ELMANSOURI
Ophthalmology Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Ahmed Amine JAOUAHAR
Nephrology and Hemodialysis Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Nadir ZEMRAOUI
Nephrology and Hemodialysis Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Houssaine AITLHAJ
Ophthalmology Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Mohamed KRIET
Ophthalmology Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Fouad EL ASRI
Ophthalmology Department, Cadi Ayyad University, MED VI University Hospital, AVICENNE Military Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
AIMS: This case highlights the critical need for routine blood pressure monitoring, as unrecognized hypertension can lead to devastating complications. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent irreversible target organ damage and improve long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes.
Case Report: We present the case of a 35-year-old male who developed acute bilateral vision loss due to grade IV hypertensive retinopathy with bilateral central retinal vein occlusion. Further investigations revealed previously undiagnosed malignant arterial hypertension, complicated by end-stage renal disease and severe left ventricular hypertrophy. Despite prompt initiation of intensive antihypertensive therapy, renal function remained irreversibly impaired, necessitating kidney transplantation six months later. Over a one-year follow-up period, hypertensive retinopathy gradually resolved.
Conclusion: Malignant hypertension is a severe and life-threatening condition that can lead to multiorgan damage if left undiagnosed and untreated.
Keywords: Central retinal vein occlusion, malignant hypertension, bilateral vision loss, antihypertensive therapy, hypertensive retinopathy