Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Syndrome: A Case Report and Updated Literature Review
Rolyf Keith Awore Adjatin
*
Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Yosra Azaro *
Hôpital des Spécialités, Rabat, Morocco.
Taoufik Abdellaoui
Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Yassine Mouzari
Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Abdelbarre Oubaaz
Hôpital Militaire d’Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome is a rare multisystemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting melanocyte-containing tissues, including the eyes, meninges, skin, and inner ear. We report the case of a 19-year-old Afro-Caucasian female presenting with sudden unilateral vision loss that rapidly progressed to bilateral involvement. Ophthalmic imaging demonstrated serous retinal detachments with characteristic angiographic findings. Ancillary investigations revealed cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with no evidence of infection. A diagnosis of incomplete VKH syndrome was established, and the patient was treated with high-dose intravenous corticosteroids followed by oral tapering, leading to a favorable anatomical and functional outcome. This report highlights the importance of multimodal imaging and early aggressive corticosteroid therapy in improving visual prognosis. We also provide an updated review of current literature on the immunopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies for VKH syndrome.
Keywords: Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome, bilateral uveitis, serous retinal detachment, corticosteroid therapy, autoimmune inflammation