Bilateral Orbital Chloroma Revealing Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report
Published: 2021-07-17
Page: 55-59
Issue: 2021 - Volume 4 [Issue 1]
Ayoub Redouan *
Pediatric Ophthalmological, Department, 20 August 1953 Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco and Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Z. Hammoumi
Pediatric Ophthalmological, Department, 20 August 1953 Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco and Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Loubna El- Maaloum
Pediatric Ophthalmological, Department, 20 August 1953 Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco and Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Bouchra Allali
Pediatric Ophthalmological, Department, 20 August 1953 Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco and Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Asmae El- kettani
Pediatric Ophthalmological, Department, 20 August 1953 Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco and Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Mohamed. EL- Belhadji
Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco and Adult Ophthalmological, Department, 20 August 1953 Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Chloroma is a rare extra-myeloid tumor composed of leukemia cells derived from granulomatous myeloid precursors. It occurs in only 2 to 8% of acute myeloid leukemia and rarely occurs in the orbital area. We report the case of an adolescent with no specific history, who consults for rapidly progressive bilateral exophthalmos. A blood count showed leukocytosis, bicytopenia and absence of cells blastics. Cranio-orbital computed tomography showed a bilateral multilobed orbital tumor process invading the oculomotor muscles and the optic nerve. Orbital biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia.
The positive diagnosis is guided by the blood count and confirmed by the biopsy of the orbital tumor and the myelogram. The radiological assessment is of interest in the evaluation of the tumor extent and post-treatment monitoring.
The treatment is based on chemotherapy and corticosteroid therapy combined or not with radiotherapy.
Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia, exophthalmos, orbital biopsy, chemotherapy